example, Ms. Garcia, a sixth-grade teacher, phones the Jeffersons because their son, Justin, has frequent angry outbursts that disrupt his class in school. Ms. Garcia had referred Justin to the school counselor, who has now recommended that Jemal and Paula Jefferson, Justin’s parents, seek family counseling. In the initial visit to Cynthia, a pastoral counselor, Jemal and Paula present Justin as a problem in school and want to know how Justin can be helped. “Shouldn’t he receive individual counseling?”